What is one disadvantage of ammonia as a refrigerant?

Ammonia is widely recognized as a refrigerant with excellent thermodynamic properties; however, one significant disadvantage is its toxicity. Ammonia can pose serious health risks if inhaled, and exposure can lead to respiratory issues, skin irritation, and other health concerns. This toxicity necessitates careful handling, robust safety protocols, and protective equipment during installation and maintenance.

The need for specialized safety measures is a crucial factor when considering ammonia as a refrigerant in various applications, especially in commercial or industrial settings where large quantities may be used. While the other considerations like availability, cost, and equipment might present challenges in certain situations, ammonia's toxicity remains a primary concern that impacts its overall usability in the refrigeration market.