What is the primary function of the compressor in a refrigeration system?

The primary function of the compressor in a refrigeration system is to move refrigerant from the low side of the system to the high side while controlling temperatures. The compressor serves as the heart of the refrigeration cycle, pressurizing the refrigerant vapor, which allows it to flow and change its state as needed.

When the refrigerant enters the compressor as a low-pressure vapor, the compressor compresses it to a higher pressure, and as a result, its temperature also increases. This high-pressure vapor then moves into the condenser (high side) where it releases heat and changes to a liquid state. The control of pressure and temperature by the compressor is crucial for maintaining the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle and ensuring that heat can be absorbed in the evaporator (low side) and released in the condenser (high side).

Understanding this role is essential, as it distinguishes the compressor's function from that of other components in the system, such as the condenser, which rejects heat, or the evaporator, which absorbs heat. The compressor does not expand refrigerant or directly reject heat; instead, its primary job is to facilitate the movement and proper functioning of the refrigerant throughout the cycle.